Penalization method for the Navier–Stokes–Fourier system Danica Basarić, Eduard Feireisl, Mária Lukáčová-Medvid’ová, Hana Mizerová and Yuhuan Yuan ESAIM: M2AN, 56 6 (2022) 1911-1938 Published online: 14 September 2022 DOI: 10.1051/m2an/2022063