Issue |
ESAIM: M2AN
Volume 47, Number 4, July-August 2013
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 1133 - 1165 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/m2an/2012062 | |
Published online | 17 June 2013 |
A quasi-variational inequality problem arising in the modeling of growing sandpiles
1 Department of Mathematics, Imperial
College London, London, SW7
2AZ, UK.
j.barrett@imperial.ac.uk
2 Department of Solar Energy and
Environmental Physics, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University
of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990,
Israel.
Received:
6
March
2012
Revised:
5
October
2012
Existence of a solution to the quasi-variational inequality problem arising in a model for sand surface evolution has been an open problem for a long time. Another long-standing open problem concerns determining the dual variable, the flux of sand pouring down the evolving sand surface, which is also of practical interest in a variety of applications of this model. Previously, these problems were solved for the special case in which the inequality is simply variational. Here, we introduce a regularized mixed formulation involving both the primal (sand surface) and dual (sand flux) variables. We derive, analyse and compare two methods for the approximation, and numerical solution, of this mixed problem. We prove subsequence convergence of both approximations, as the mesh discretization parameters tend to zero; and hence prove existence of a solution to this mixed model and the associated regularized quasi-variational inequality problem. One of these numerical approximations, in which the flux is approximated by the divergence-conforming lowest order Raviart–Thomas element, leads to an efficient algorithm to compute not only the evolving pile surface, but also the flux of pouring sand. Results of our numerical experiments confirm the validity of the regularization employed.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 35D30 / 35K86 / 35R37 / 49J40 / 49M29 / 65M12 / 65M60 / 82C27
Key words: Quasi-variational inequalities / critical-state problems / primal and mixed formulations / finite elements / existence / convergence analysis
© EDP Sciences, SMAI, 2013
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