Homogenized lattice Boltzmann methods for fluid flow through porous media – Part I: Kinetic model derivation

¹ Institute for Applied and Numerical Mathematics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
² Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
³ Lattice Boltzmann Research Group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
⁴ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

^* Corresponding author: stephan.simonis@kit.edu

Received: 4 December 2023
Accepted: 20 January 2025

Abstract

In this series of studies, we establish homogenized lattice Boltzmann methods (HLBM) for simulating fluid flow through porous media. Our contributions in part I are twofold. First, we assemble the targeted partial differential equation system by formally unifying the governing equations for non-stationary fluid flow in porous media. A matrix of regularly arranged, equally sized obstacles is placed into the fluid domain to model fluid flow through porous structures governed by the incompressible nonstationary Navier–Stokes equations (NSE). Depending on the ratio of geometric parameters in the solid matrix arrangement, several homogenized equations are obtained. We review existing methods for homogenizing the nonstationary NSE for specific porosities and discuss the applicability of the resulting model equations. Consequently, the homogenized NSE are expressed as targeted partial differential equations that jointly incorporate the derived aspects. Second, we propose a kinetic model, the homogenized Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook Boltzmann equation, which approximates the homogenized nonstationary NSE. We formally prove that the zeroth and first order moments of the kinetic model provide solutions to the mass and momentum balance variables of the macroscopic model up to specific orders in the scaling parameter. Based on the present contributions, in the sequel (part II), the homogenized NSE are consistently approximated by deriving a limit consistent HLBM discretization of the homogenized Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook Boltzmann equation.